Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica :: ISSN 1336-9245
Important notice for authors: new version guides for authors and article template from June 30, 2025 are available. Please, see section Submissions. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica is an open access, a peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. First published in 1957 as Proceedings of the University of Agriculture in Nitra. From 2013 is the Journal published online only. Aims & scope Journal focuses on presentation of regional, national and international current science results in plant and animal nutrition, genetics, breeding, animal health and welfare, agronomy and soil science, in particular: agrochemistry and plant nutrition botany, plant physiology, genetics, breeding, protection crop production, grass ecosystems and forages soil and environmental scienes sustainable agriculture zoology, animal genetics and breeding biology animal husbandry, nutrition and special husbandry animal health and veterinary sciences human nutrition Journal Legacy Issues/articles published from 2011 to 2021 Issues/articles published from 2009 to 2011 Issues/articles published from 1998 to 2003 Indexing The journal is indexed by Scopus (Elsevier) | DOAJ Charges & Fees Articles are published without article submission and article processing charges. For end-users are published papers free of charge. Peer review policy Editorial evaluation: first step, submitted manuscripts are assessed from the formal / technical points of view (comply with the editorial requirements, resp. guidelines for authors, main aims and scopes and policies) and from the point of view of plagiarism. Manuscripts which are not comply with editorial requirements will be returned for technical corrections. In case general/base incompliance of article with requirements will be rejected, rejected will be also articles with critical similarity score. When the technical/formal evaluation is completed, the manuscript proceeds to the stage of scientific evaluation. Scientific evaluation Evaluation from the point of view of scientific quality is provided by the executive editors of subject/thematic sections. Based on the result of the preliminary evaluation from the point of view of scientific quality, the manuscript is either rejected, returned for corrections or moved to the review process. If the requested changes are made, the text returns to the executive editors. When the scientific evaluation is completed manuscript, the peer-review process is following. Peer-review process The Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica peer-review model: blind review, two independent reviewers. If necessary (in case there are any differencies between review reports) a third reviewer will be invited. The results of reviewing can be acceptance, acceptance with minor or major modifications or rejected. Once the requested changes/corrections are made, the text returns to the executive editors. Post peer-review process Editing and preparing accepted manuscripts for publication. Online publishing. Copyright & Licenses Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. The Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Deposit Policy Sherpa/Romeo Screening of plagiarism All manuscripts are checked by the Crossref service Similarity Check (iThenticate software). eISSN 1336-9245 / pISSN 1335-258X (until to 2013) Journal website: http://www.acta.fapz.uniag.sk Journal periodicity: 4 issues per year Abbreviation: Acta fytotechn zootechn Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
Possibilities for Increasing Biodiversity of Natural Ecosystems and Agroecosystems
The presented study addresses the issue of biodiversity, which is a fundamental element of all ecosystems. Since the reduction or loss occurs as a result of many factors, such as habitat degradation, rapidly increasing environmental pollution, worsening climate crisis, monoculture cultivation, urbanisation, and the expansion of non-native species, among others, which have serious consequences for the existence of life on Earth. For this reason, biodiversity protection is necessary, as any change threatens the existing flora, fauna, habitats and the entire society, since all of these factors lead to a deterioration in the functioning of not only natural ecosystems, but also agro-ecosystems. Especially in agricultural landscapes, it is necessary to solve the above problem with measures that would support wild organisms. One of the measures is modern biobelts, which serve to slow down or stop the reduction of biodiversity, as they address the agro-environmental-climatic aspect. The present vegetation of biobelts improves the trophic supply and increases the spatial and temporal availability of food sources for the present organisms. On the other hand, biobelts pose a risk of enriching the soil seed bank with weeds, which may later be manifested in increased weeding of cultivated crops, and the proliferation of pests also appears to be a problem. Another highly effective measure in providing multiple ecosystem services, ensuring water regulation and quality, pest and disease control, while supporting biodiversity, long-term productivity and soil quality, is the use of agroforestry. The results show that increasing diversity in natural ecosystems and agroecosystems through planned measures represents an important strategy, which leads to improved biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jana Ivanič-Porhajášová, Ing. Mária Babošová, PhD., doc. Ing. Eva Mlyneková, PhD. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Effects of Annona Muricata: Health Benefits and Potential Uses
Annona muricata, commonly known as soursop or graviola, is a tropical evergreen tree belonging to the Annonaceae family, widely recognized for its diverse medicinal and nutritional properties. This plant is native to Central and South America but is now cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It thrives in warm, humid climates, requiring well-drained soils with moderate rainfall to grow optimally. The tree produces large, green, spiny fruits with soft white pulp, which are widely consumed as fresh fruit or used in beverages, desserts, and traditional cuisines due to their unique flavour and nutritional benefits. Traditionally, A. muricata has been utilized in folk medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, and much more. Nearly every part of the plant (leaves, bark, roots, fruit) contains bioactive compounds such as acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. In vivo and in vitro studies have highlighted its pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, etc. However, recent research has raised concerns about the potential neurotoxic effects of certain compounds in A. muricata, particularly annonacin, which has been associated with neurodegenerative conditions in high doses. While the plant holds promise for therapeutic applications, further research is needed to clarify its mechanisms of action, evaluate its safety profile, and determine appropriate dosage levels to balance efficacy and toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of A. muricata, including its botanical description, growing environment, traditional and food uses, pharmacological studies, and considerations regarding potential neurotoxicity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Radovan Reisenauer, Michal Lenický, Lucia Dianová, Marko Halo, Tomáš Slanina, Filip Tirpák, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Robert Stawarz, Eric Rendón Schneir, Peter Massányi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organic Carbon Sequestration Across Soil Aggregates of Morphologically Different Soils
Soil organic matter (SOM) and its incorporation into soil aggregates play a crucial role in carbon sequestration, which is essential for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This study focuses on the influence of different soil types on soil structure and the capacity of soil aggregates to retain carbon. The objectives were: (1) to compare soil structure across different soil types, (2) to quantify the content of SOM in size-fractions of aggregates, and (3) to identify relationships between SOM and individual size-fractions of aggregates. The research was conducted in a field at Dražovce near Nitra city (western Slovakia). Samples from the Ap and A horizons of four soil profiles were analyzed for aggregate size-distribution, carbon contents (C), and the carbon sequestration index (KSC). The results indicated that Cambisol exhibited the highest aggregate stability, while Chernozems showed the highest SOM content but the lowest KSC. Calcisol demonstrated the greatest sequestration potential. Aggregate stability was positively correlated with the content of labile carbon, particularly in medium-sized macroaggregates (1–5 mm). These findings highlight the complex interactions between aggregate size, structural stability, and their capacity to sequester carbon.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vladimír Šimanský, Martin Juriga Juriga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Selection Footprints Reflecting Population Stratification of Local Sheep Breeds in the Danube Region
This study investigated genetic diversity, population structure, and selection footprints across 16 local sheep breeds from the Danube region using high-density SNP data. The diversity status was derived from the overall heterozygosity and genomic-based inbreeding coefficients (FHOM and FIS). Population stratification was assessed using principal component analysis, phylogenetic networks, and admixture estimation. Selection footprints were identified based on the genome-wide Wright's fixation index (FST) distribution. Moderate observed and expected heterozygosity levels were found, with the highest values in the Improved Valachian breed (Ho = 0.44±0.10, He = 0.44±0.08) and the lowest in the East Friesian (Ho = 0.37±0.16) breed. Inbreeding coefficients aligned with heterozygosity patterns, indicating an increase in inbreeding in geographically or historically separated breeds and reduced inbreeding in recently developed composite breeds, particularly the Improved Valachian and Slovak Dairy sheep. All approaches testing population structure confirmed breed stratification corresponding to geographic and phylogenetic backgrounds, while admixture analysis revealed the highest proportion of genetic admixture in the composite breeds. A genome-wide scan revealed 24 candidate regions under selection pressure across 15 autosomes, encompassing 48 protein-coding genes, including those related to reproduction (TNP1, AMHR2) and immune response (SLC11A1, IL9, JAK3). Functional enrichment analysis identified overrepresented GO terms related to protein binding, spermatogenesis, hypoxia response, and KEGG pathways such as TGF-beta and VEGF signalling. This study provides insights into breed-specific selection pressures driven by diverse breeding goals and environmental adaptation in sheep breeds in the Danube region. The study also highlights the importance of genomic tools for preserving genetic diversity and supporting sustainable breeding strategies in local populations.
selection effect, genetic diversity, high-density SNP data, local breeds
Copyright (c) 2025 Nina Moravčíková, Karolína Pálešová, Adrián Halvoník, Monika Chalupková, Ivan Pavlík, Ján Tomka, Luboš Vostrý, Hana Vostrá-Vydrová, Gábor Mészáros, Tijesunimi Ojo, Birgit Fuerst-Waltl, Johann Sölkner, Božidarka Marković, Milena Djokić, Dušica Radonjic, Vladan Bogdanović, Dragan Stanojević, Radovan Kasarda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Involvement of Remote Monitoring for Ethological Observations of Swines
A behavioural study of Mangalitsa swines was carried out by recording on ethogram forms, as well as remote monitoring by an unmanned aerial vehicle, which allowed to shorten the time between readings. The animals were divided into two age categories, up to 12 months of age, and fattening pigs over 1 year old. The monitoring period covered the months of March, April, and May 2024 from 08:00h to 20:00h. As a result of this first study using a drone of this breed in Bulgaria, it was found that the frequency of eating, rooting and resting was 14.74%, 12.08% and 58.31%, respectively. The measured frequency of eating was 16.9% and 12.6%, and of rooting 14.3% and 9.9%, respectively, in animals up to 12 months of age and the fattened pigs. In both groups, resting frequency was a major part of the day with a difference of 14% between the groups in favour of the older animals.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ivelina Zapryanova, Teodora Pashova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Different Concentrations of White Tea Extract on the Quality of Awassi Ram Semen on Chilled Storage
The white tea extract (WTE) has compounds that act as antioxidants, which enhance sperm characteristics during storage. The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of adding different concentrations of WTE stored at 4 °C for 24, 48 and 72 h on semen quality. Semen samples were collected from three Awassi rams, and the ejaculates were combined. Semen were divided into four equal parts, and it was diluted with Tris; beside the extender, the control group was (A0, without WTE), the second group A1 (0.05 mg WTE), the third group was A2 (0.10 mg WTE), and the fourth group was A3 (0.15 mg WTE). Results revealed the percentages of individual motility, live, and sperm membrane integrity were enhanced significantly (P <0.05) throughout storage in the A2 group compared to other groups. The A1, A2 and A3 groups decreased significantly (P <0.05) in total sperm abnormality percent at 48 and 72 h. Abnormal head sperm decreased significantly (P <0.05) at 24, 48 and 72 h in the A2 and A3 groups. While the A2 group decreased significantly (P <0.05) in abnormal middle sperm throughout storage. In conclusion, WTE has compounds in it that function as antioxidants. Especially when 0.10 mg of WTE was added to extenders, there was an improvement in individual motility, live sperm, and sperm membrane integrity, as well as a decrease in total sperm abnormality and types of abnormal sperm (head, middle, and tail).
white tea, antioxidants, ram semen, extender, chilling
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Maad Hasani Al-Ameri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Response of Young Maize Plants to Rational and Above-Limit Doses of Vermicompost
In a two-year pot experiment carried out in a vegetation cage located on the premises of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, the effect of vermicompost (Vc) used at a dose 8.3 to 16.6 times higher than permitted by the Nitrates Directive on young maize plants on their phytomass was investigated. The results showed that excessive amounts of vermicompost did not have a depressing effect on the growth of young maize plants. On the contrary, they increased the production of phytomass. The legislatively determined nutrient doses should take into account the type of organic fertilizer and the different abilities of plants to convert nutrients into phytomass formation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Peter Kováčik, Jakub Neupauer, Zafarjon Jabbarov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluating the Effects of Including Vitamin C and Parquetina nigrescens Leaf Powder in the Diets of Broiler Chicks Exposed to Aflatoxin B1
In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin C and Parquetina nigrescens leaf powder (PLP) in broiler chicks exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The treatments consisted of CONT (receiving a diet without AFB1 contamination and without PLP supplementation); AFLB (fed a diet containing 0.2 mg of AFB1 per kg of feed); AFVC (fed a diet containing 0.2 mg of AFB1 per kg of feed along with 200 mg of vitamin C per kg of feed); and AFLP (fed a diet containing 0.2 mg of AFB1 per kg of feed along with 500 mg of PLP per kg of feed). Our findings demonstrate the rich bioactive profile of PLP, including significant antioxidant capacity and various beneficial compounds. When it comes to broiler chicken performance, we observed that the groups supplemented with vitamin C and PLP (AFVC and AFLP) outperformed those with AFB1 alone (AFLB). These supplemented groups exhibited improved body weight gain, feed intake, and reduced mortality rates, suggesting the potential of these natural additives to counteract mycotoxin challenges in poultry production, especially in tropical conditions. Moreover, our results indicated that vitamin C and PLP supplementation ameliorated the adverse effects of AFB1 contamination on dressing percentage and liver weight. Notably, Haematological parameters were significantly impacted by AFB1 exposure, with lower values in the AFLB group, while serum chemistry indices reflected liver and kidney dysfunction. In contrast, supplemented groups showed improved profiles. Overall, our study highlights the potential of PLP, and vitamin C dietary supplementation in enhancing poultry health and production under aflatoxin-B1 exposure, contributing to sustainable poultry farming strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Olugbenga David Oloruntola, Samuel Adebowale Adeyeye, Deborah Adebukola Oloruntola, Emmanuel Oluwafemi Adeyeye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Pork Meat Maturation
To process the purpose of reduction of the maturation process of pork meat, the bio-preservation of meat products, and the prevention of microbial contamination, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum strains were used. The application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains proved to impact the duration of the maturation process of salt-cured pork by shortening the process, as opposed to samples of pork salt-cured in a traditional way and containing a commercial BactoFlavor® culture used in production. The maturation process of pork was accompanied by decreased glycogen levels and increased lactic acid, dominant in samples containing L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus strains. The maturation also triggered a shift in pH, making it more acidic. The tendency towards glycogenolysis in samples containing LAB strains, prior to the formation of lactic acid, is determined by LAB strains producing lactic acid too, which helps explain the low level of pyruvate. The application of LAB strains as protective starter cultures with bactericidal activity during the in situ fermentation of meat demonstrates that the use of strains leads to the decrease of total contamination by 2 Log CFU·ml⁻¹, while using a commercial starter brings about a decrease of 1 Log CFU·ml⁻¹. After 4 days of meat maturation, L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum inhibited the growth of E. coli by 2 Log CFU·ml⁻¹; after 8 days, the use of LAB and BactoFlavor® led to the absence of E. coli. The broad antimicrobial and bacteriocin spectrum of LAB stimulated their application in the food industry as natural preservatives.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Fik, Hasmik Grigoryan, Gayane Marmaryan, Anna Dashtoyan, Kristina Karapetyan, Ani Paloyan, Yuri Marmaryan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of miR-29a and miR-34a Expression During Various Reproductive Stages in Iraqi Awassi Ewes and Their Correlation with Litter Size, Offspring Sex, and Blood Attributes
This study was investigated the correlation between miR-29a and miR-34a expression in Iraqi Awassi ewes during different reproductive stages and their potential as biomarkers for assessing pregnancy health, birth type, sex as well as blood parameters. Blood samples were obtained from five Iraqi Awassi ewes (3.5–4.5 years with 45–50 kg body weight), pre-mating (0), 14, and 45 day post-mating (PM), along with 75 and 135 days of pregnancy. miRNAs (miR-29a and miR-34a) were detected by using RT-qPCR. The relative expression of miR-29a was significantly increased (P ≤0.05) within different day as 45 (16.25 ±5.194), 75 (14.32 ±4.09), and 135 (13.29 ±6.52) of pregnancy compared to 0 and 14 day respectively. Additionally, a higher relative expression of miR-34a (P ≤0.05) was observed on day 135 of pregnancy (2.3 ±1.05) when compared to the other reproductive periods. Both miR-29a and miR-34a showed no differences in terms of birth type and sex. Regression coefficient analysis identified a significant relationship between miR-29a expression and various metabolic and biochemical parameters, such as serum amino acids, fatty acids, and estrogen levels. The analysis indicated that miR-29a exhibited an inverse correlation with amino acids while demonstrating a direct correlation with fatty acids and estrogen. In conclusion, miR-29a and miR-34a could serve as valuable biomarkers for monitoring the health of pregnancy in Awassi ewes. This study provides new insights into the function of miRNA in reproductive physiology, paving the way for improved management of sheep reproduction.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rwaida A. Ali, Talal A. Abdulkareem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Temporal Changes in Surface Properties of Sandy Haplic Podzol and Aging Biochars During Growing Season in North-Western Region of Russia
Aging of biochar in soils can result in some changes in its surface properties. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the temporal changes in: (1): the content of film water during adsorption-desorption processes on the surfaces of aging biochars and samples from topsoil of a sandy Haplic Podzol; (2) the distribution of areas of adsorption bands for oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs) such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and phenolic on the surfaces of aging biochars. Samples of the soil and the biochar were collected from the topsoil (0-10 cm layer) in May, June and September of 2022, six years after the initial biochar application into the 0-10 cm soil layer (20 t ha-1) in 2016. A WP4-T dewpoint potentiometer was used to measure the relationships between potentials of the adsorbed film water and its content in the soil and biochar samples. An IR Fourier FSM 2202 spectrometer was applied to determine the areas of adsorption bands of OFGs on the biochar surfaces. The obtained results showed that there were non-significant differences in the mean content of adsorbed film water between the soil with and without biochars. The mean content of adsorbed film water was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the initial biochar than in the aged biochars. The aged biochars collected at different dates of the growing season did not demonstrate any significant differences in the mean content of the adsorbed film water. According to the results obtained using IR Fourier spectroscopy, the surface of the initial biochar was characterized with the highest areas of adsorption bands of OFGs. The aged biochars showed a decrease in the areas of adsorption bands of OFGs compared to them of the initial biochar.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Eugene Balashov, MSc. Dmitry Fetisov, MSc. Anna Burova, Dr. Yury Khomyakov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Water Quality of Reservoirs by a Comprehensive Study of Hydrobiological and Hydrochemical Indicators Using the Example of the Hrazdan Reservoir (Armenia)
The water quality of the Razdan reservoir was assessed using hydrobiological, hydrochemical and microbiological methods in different seasons of the year. As a result of studies at three observation stations, it was found that at the outlet of the reservoir, in almost all the seasons under study, the quality of water does not meet the accepted standards used for agricultural irrigation. This is a consequence of the increase in organic pollution of the reservoir due to seasonal fluctuations in its water level in different seasons, leading to significant changes in temperature and concentration of biogenic substances. PCA analysis of bacterial counts, algal cell counts, and water chemistry showed that a total of 65.4% of the data variance was explained by the two principal components. In total, only two different groups showed factor loadings >0.1. The highest abundance of S_20 and Bacillariophyta species may be related to the typical August environmental conditions. In contrast, the high abundance of S_37 and E. coli may depend on the nitrogen availability in autumn (October and November). Such comprehensive studies of reservoirs allow for a more accurate assessment of the quality of their water. At the same time, not all water quality indicators may exceed the accepted standards. However, the appearance of even some indicators exceeding these standards may become a significant argument for developing recommendations for reviewing the possibilities of using reservoirs for agricultural needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hripsime Kobelyan, Lusine Hambaryan, Lilit Stepanyan, Suren Sargsyan, Hermine Yepremyan, Zhanna Mkrtchyan, Bardukh Gabrielyan, Hranush Melkonyan, Jaroslav Andreji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Proso Millet Seedlings
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) from the family Poaceae is one of the six major cereals cultivated in the world. An important characteristic is its resistance to heat and drought, which makes hot, dry and semi-arid areas optimal for its cultivation. Due to the climatic changes and the associated lack of water in some areas of the world, proso millet represents a good alternative or supplement to cereal cultivation. The main agricultural value of proso millet is its use as animal feed, which underlines its key role in agriculture. The modern trend in agriculture involves the application of nanoparticle-based products as micronutrients or growth promoters. The aim of our research was to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the initial growth stages of proso millet. We evaluated the length of the plant, length of aerial parts and the root system of plants. In experiments Slovak variety 'Unikum' was used. ZnO-NPs were applied at four different concentrations (1 mg.l-1, 10 mg.l-1, 100 mg.l-1 and 300 mg.l-1) and compared with the control sample. We found that the concentration of 100 mg.l-1 might be suitable for future considerations and the highest concentration of 300 mg.l-1 had an inhibitory effect on plant growth in length of the whole plant, aerial parts and most of the monitored root parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lenka Tomovičová, Ľuba Ďurišová, Samuel Kšiňan, Marek Kolenčík, Dávid Ernst, Ján Gažo, Pavol Eliáš, Nikola Kotlárová, Ivan Ravza, Viktor Straka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effect of Ovarian Follicle Size on the Follicular Fluid’s Hormones in Local Iraqi Bovine
Bovine reproductive physiology is a complex process that is closely linked to the cattle industry‘s effective production. Follicle diameter and thehormonal content offollicular fluid play an important role in determining ovum quality, overall embryo production, and bovine fertility. This study investigates the hormonal profile of follicular fluid in ovarian follicles of varying sizes in Iraqi cows. A total of 22 samples were collected from sexually mature, disease-free, and non-pregnant cows over a two-month period (July and August). Three of the follicle groups were classified: (2–5 mm), (6–9 mm), and (10–15 mm). Following visual measurement, follicular fluid was extracted, and concentrations of progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed. The results showed a significant difference (p <0.0001) in progesterone levels 6–9 mm. Also, estrogen concentration was higher in 10–15 mm compared to the other groups. Testosterone concentration was higher in follicles (2–5 mm) compared to follicles (10–15 mm and 6–9 mm), respectively. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was higher in 2–5 mm compared to 10–15 mm follicles. The current outcomes participate to the thoughtful of known mechanisms of hormonal function in ovarian follicle growth in bovine species, showing that progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, and TSH are critical factors in these mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hayder Mohammed Hassan Habeeb, Amal Faisal Lafta Alabedi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Combined Effects of Vertical Agriphotovoltaics and Sown Vegetation Strips: A Simulation Study
Agriphotovoltaics (APV) represents a promising option for combining food and electricity production. Furthermore, flowering strips can be additionally implemented along with APV to support farmland biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. However, these two concepts have never been investigated in one study. In this work, we investigated a combination of two types of sown strips (“Fodder strip” and “Nectareous strip” as defined in Czech legislation) and simulations of vertical APVs affect invertebrate and plant communities in strips and in winter wheat crop. Following a multitaxonomic approach, sampling was conducted in 2023 and 2024 using pitfall traps, pan traps, sweep netting and phytocoenological relevés. In most cases, the catches of the studied taxonomic groups were positively affected by the sown strips, nonetheless some of the more mobile groups were unaffected or negatively affected. The strip type affected aphid catch only, and the presence of APV simulation affected the abundance of aphids and sap beetles. The plant communities differed between modalities, but the effect of the simulation was rather weak. We also discuss the relevance of using simulations instead of real solar panels. Our study suggests that vertical APVs in combination with sown strips of flowering vegetation can be a viable option for sustainable agroecosystem management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jan Štrobach, Hana Vašková, David Hájek, Ladislav Jílek, Petr Novák, Přemysl Štranc, Daniel Štranc, Jiří Skuhrovec, Pavel Saska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodological Advances in the Analysis of Genetic Population Structure: Implications for Biodiversity Conservation
This paper provides an overview of advances in the analysis of the genetic structure of populations, focusing on the evolution of statistical approaches and their applications in conservation genetics. Understanding genetic relationships among populations is crucial for assessing evolutionary processes such as gene flow, genetic drift, and selection, which fundamentally affect genetic diversity over time. Traditionally, studies relied on a limited number of genetic markers and summary statistics; however, the advent of high-throughput genomic technologies has dramatically enhanced both the resolution and accuracy of these analyses. Whole-genome sequencing and dense SNP arrays now provide unprecedented insights into neutral and adaptive variations, enabling fine-scale detection of population subdivisions and historical demographic trends. In parallel, the development of advanced statistical models has refined genetic analyses, allowing for more precise estimations of genetic differentiation, admixture, and ancestral relationships. These innovations are particularly valuable in conservation genetics, where robust assessments are essential for optimising strategies to maintain genetic diversity, identify populations at risk, and mitigate the effects of inbreeding and effective population size decline. Despite these improvements, challenges remain, including computational demands and the need to account for complex demographic histories and selection pressures. Given the continuous evolution of analytical techniques, selecting appropriate methods tailored to specific research questions is critical for producing reliable insights into population structure and effectively guiding conservation efforts. In conclusion, the continuous advancement of genomic analysis tools enhances the ability to study population dynamics in greater detail and supports more effective conservation planning.
population structure, biodiversity, genomics, conservation
Copyright (c) 2025 Karolína Pálešová, Nina Moravčíková, Radovan Kasarda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Quality and Composition of Rapeseed and Sunflower Honey Originating from the Territory of the Slovak Republic
The aim of the study was to compare the chemical composition of two types of floral honey (rapeseed and sunflower) obtained from sites in Dohňany and Tekovský Hrádok with honey from other locations. Rapeseed and sunflower honey are the most common honey types associated with agricultural production. Among the physicochemical properties, the honey samples were analyzed and evaluated for parameters such as glucose and fructose content, sucrose, percentage of water mass, content of water insoluble substances, free acid and heavy metal content. By comparing the obtained results with the analyses of honey from other Slovak and international locations, we found that our honey samples met the criteria set by Decree No. 41/2012 on honey in all monitored indicators. Based on this, it can be concluded that the impact of intensive agricultural production in these sites did not result in a deterioration in the quality of either rapeseed or sunflower honey.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mária Babošová, Jana Ivanič Porhajašová, Mária Rišková https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Factors Influencing the Production and Quality of Sheep‘s Milk
To maintain adequate dairy productivity in sheep, it is important to focus on establishing appropriate husbandry conditions. Currently, breeders are increasingly confronted with extreme weather fluctuations during the grazing season, which significantly impact pasture quality and the milk produced. Therefore, it is crucial to seek suitable breeding systems with breed representation tailored to various climatic and geographical conditions in order to exploit their productive potential fully. This study compares the dairy productivity and milk quality of three sheep farms in the vicinity of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, which employ different farming systems and feature different breed compositions under changing climatic conditions with increased heat stress during the summer months. Farm 1, located at 1,200 m above sea level (ASL), follows an extensive grazing system with 350 Tsigai ewes. Farm 2, situated at 500 m ASL, houses 456 Lacaune ewes in a semi-intensive system. Farm 3, at 400 m ASL, manages 470 mixed dairy and combined-breed ewes under a semi-extensive system. The results indicate that Farm 2, employing a semi-intensive system, recorded the highest milk yield (246.7 kg·ewe-1); however, it also exhibited the most pronounced decline in the lactation curve, with lower average milk production and qualitative parameters (fat, not fat solids) for the Lacaune breed during the warm months (June – August) compared to Farms 1 and 3, which focus on raising combined breeds. In conclusion, the most suitable breeding method for the climatic and geographical conditions of the observed region appears to be a semi-extensive system with combined sheep breeds, as the variability in dairy productivity parameters during the hottest months with reduced pasture quality is not as marked as it is in specialized dairy breeds.
Copyright (c) 2025 František Zigo, Zuzana Kubišová, Tomáš Mihok, Jana Záhumenská https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Among Dogs with Several Different Diseases: Retrospective Cohort Study Between Years 2011–2024
Purpose of theretrospective, present study was to determine whether fecal microbiota transplantation (fMt) from well known, otherwise healthy lean donor dogs could be capable of substituting disease condition from disease to health status, reverting to factory settings and further might improve thelife quality of dogs with several different diseases. Taking into account study design, setting and enrollment (along with accompanying archive data) this clinical trial was conducted between 2011 to 2024 among 1,885 diseased dogs with several different system involvement were treated with fMt at median number of 2 to 6 occasions. To those of solely eligible dogs (with witten owner consent, triage position, without systemic inflammatory respond syndrome orother hazardous condition) were recruited for thestudy. Data were analyzed from March 2011 to June 2024. All fMt interventions from each lean donor (heterologous) were administered either by gastroduodenoscopy (n = 112 into theduodenum) orby rectal enema (n = 1,773 into thecolon). Available cure rates ranged from 41.42% to 93.61% regarding entire enrolled dogs. Forest plot denoted an overall response rate of 76%. Highest cure rates (nearly 94%) were deemed available for gastroentero-dermatological disorders to those of satisfactory clinical recovery for each cases enrolled. Lowest cure rates were observed for endocrinological and cardiovascular disease conditions exhibiting 41 and 47%, respectively. Available results were establishing futuremeta-analysis source inwhich data is lacking. This study should highlighten theefficacy and possible treatment switching modalities to those ofuncurable diseases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Kerem Ural, Assoc. Prof. Hasan Erdoğan, Assoc. Prof. Songül eRDOĞAN https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness of Sludge Organic Fertilizer and its Combination with Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield of Mustard (Brassica rapa L.)
Liquid waste from the dairy industry becomes an environmental problem if it is not processed properly, so several technologies have been created from this waste, one of them is sludge organic fertilizer. The aim of this research is to determine the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers to support the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of mustard. The factors of this research include S0 = NPK 100% (300 kg.ha-1), S1 = 25% sludge organic fertilizer + 75% NPK (6.25 ton.ha-1+ 225 kg.ha-1), S2 = 50% sludge organic fertilizer + 50% NPK (12.5 ton.ha-1+ 150 kg.ha-1), S3 = 75% sludge organic fertilizer + 25% NPK (18.75 ton.ha-1 + 75 kg.ha-1) and S4 = sludge organic fertilizer 100% (25 ton.ha-1). The research result shows that the combination treatment of sludge organic fertilizer with NPK inorganic fertilizer can increase the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients and enhance mustard growth and yield. Treatment of sludge organic fertilizer 25% + NPK 75% being the best in nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of mustard. Meanwhile 75% sludge organic fertilizer + 25% NPK treatment produces better soil chemical properties. This research reveals that mustard still need organic and inorganic fertilizers.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Hariningsih Pratiwi, Fajar Hidayanto, Retno Tri Purnamasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physiological Indicators of Drought and Heat Resistance of Plants of the Moraceae Family
The observed increase in global average air temperature has a profound effect on the climate, and the effects of this phenomenon are expected to be more significant in the next 30–50 years. As a result, their physiological condition deteriorates, and their defenses and productivity decrease. This fact emphasizes the relevance and feasibility of the study, which is aimed at determining the drought and heat tolerance of plants of the Moraceae family. The work uses generally accepted methods for determining the resistance of breeding samples to heat and drought. The research established that mulberry plants of Victoria, Halyna, Merefyanska, Slobozhanska, Maclura varieties showed increased adaptive resistance to high temperatures (heat and drought). In particular, damage to leaf plates in the 40-80 °C temperature range did not exceed 50%. Scoring scales were developed for evaluating plants of the Moraceae family for drought and heat resistance, which increased the accuracy and informativeness of their determination. It is emphasized that the general level of physiological processes in germinated seeds under conditions of drought indicates the high resistance of adult plants, which ensures the possibility of preserving and growing valuable species for further breeding. From a practical point of view, the complex diagnostic assessment of Moraceae plants for adaptive resistance by various methods provided a comprehensive assessment and selection of breeding material with high adaptive potential to stressful growing conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Galina Babaeva, Anatoliy Paliy, Viktoria Voitenko, Igor Korh, Olena Pavlichenko, Yurii Dunaiev, Alyona Siabro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Comparison of the Effects of Different Types of Soil Amendments on Mung Bean Yield and Yield Components
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is the major source of protein and an important pulse crop in Afghanistan. Low soil fertility in Afghanistan is the main cause of the lower productivity of mung beans. The present investigation was carried out at the agriculture research farm of Kabul University to evaluate the effects of different organic and inorganic soil amendments on yield and yield components of mung beans. The study was conducted during two consecutive years – 2022 and 2023. With various organic and inorganic soil amendments such as farmyard manure, biochar, diammonium phosphate + urea, and urea alone, 120 kg nitrogen per hectare was applied into the soil. Different crop agronomic traits, including plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, and total grain yield, were studied in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and the data were analyzed with Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR 2.0.1) software. The results indicated that urea improved the mung bean's growth and yield components. The maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of pods per plant, grains per pod, and total grain yield were recorded under the urea treatment. For increased productivity of mung beans, the farmers are recommended to apply a proper dose of urea fertilizer.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Khalid Rashidi, Wakil Ahmad Sarhadi, Hamid Salari, Mohammad Zahid Rashid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigation of the Clinical Efficacy of Quercetin in Feline Atopic Dermatitis Syndrome
Feline Atopic Skin Syndrome (FASS) is a common dermatological condition in cats, linked to oxidative stress and variable skin lesions. While glucocorticoids and antihistamines are standard treatments, the inconsistent feasibility of allergen avoidance and immunotherapies necessitates the use of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents like prednisolone or cyclosporine. However, their side effects can limit long-term use, driving research into alternative therapies to mitigate these drawbacks.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin on oxidative stress parameters and clinical findings in cats with FASS. Thirty-six cats were included in the study and divided into two groups: cats diagnosed with FASS (n = 27) and healthy cats (n = 9). Additionally, cats diagnosed with FASS were grouped according to their clinical presentations, which included Head-and-Neck Pruritus (HNP), Self-Induced Alopecia (SIA), Miliary Dermatitis (MD), Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex (EGC), and Dermatitis. Quercetin treatment (3 mg.kg-1) was administered orally for 14 days in both groups. Clinical findings were assessed on days 0, 7, and 14 using SCORFAD, FEDESI, and VAS scoring systems, alongside blood analyses for thiol-disulfide balance. Significant reductions in clinical scores (FEDESI, SCORFAD, VAS) were observed in the HNP and MD groups, while improvement was limited to one cat in the SIA group. Although no significant differences in thiol-disulfide balance were detected between groups, slight reductions in total thiol and disulfide levels were noted. These results indicate that quercetin may alleviate oxidative stress and improve clinical outcomes in FASS treatment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Tunahan Carpan, Ilayda Tendar, Tahir Ozalp, Songül Erdogan, Hasan Erdoğan, Kerem Ural https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DNA Barcoding and Phylogenetic Studies of Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Martynov 1935 (Hydropsychidae: Trichoptera) from India
This study initiates DNA barcoding and phylogenetic investigations of Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Martynov 1935, aiming to enhance species identification, assess genetic diversity, and clarify its evolutionary relationships. By analysing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences from specimens collected in the Northwest Himalaya, we successfully generated the first DNA barcode for P. quinquefasciatum from India. Our findings establish a foundational framework for future taxonomic, ecological, and conservation studies on the genetic structure of P. quinquefasciatum. The generated DNA barcode data can facilitate precise species identification, aiding in resolving cryptic diversity and potential misidentifications in closely related taxa. Furthermore, our phylogenetic analyses shed light on the evolutionary affinities of P. quinquefasciatum within Hydropsychidae, reinforcing the significance of molecular approaches in taxonomy.
DNA Barcoding, India, Phylogeny, Trichoptera
Copyright (c) 2025 Aquib Majeed, Sajad Parey, Manpreet Pandher https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kinetics of Acrylamide-Induced Changes in Ionome Composition in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
In stressful situations, maintaining ionome homeostasis in the intracellular space is a key prerequisite for cell survival. This study investigates the role of ionome alteration due to acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. With the use of inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) we have evaluated changes in the intracellular concentration of eight mineral elements (calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron, copper). In this study, the deleterious effect of acrylamide (1 and 10 mM) on the uptake and utilization of mineral elements and the disruption of ionome homeostasis has been revealed. We confirmed that the toxicity of acrylamide (mainly 10 mM concentration) for cells and their biological activity is associated with oxidative stress due to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The addition of acrylamide into cultivation media in a final concentration of 10 mM led to 72.3% increase in total ROS production. At the same time, this resulted in statistically significant changes in the ionome, accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of monovalent ions K+ and Na+, divalent ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, and trivalent Fe3+. These findings shed light on the complexity of the acrylamide-induced metabolic disorders that lead to the imbalance of ion homeostasis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marek Kovár, Alica Navrátilová, Ivona Jančo, Lucia Klongová, Miroslava Požgajová https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Nutritional Value of Grain Legumes in Relation for Global Food Security
Based on the research results obtained by the authors and other researchers, the importance and necessity of increasing the production of leguminous crops as an important source of food for the population of our planet are substantiated. It is proved that the varieties of these crops created in our country as well as the soil and climatic features allow us to expand their acreage significantly, which will positively affect the entire agricultural complex. The methodology adopted for this research comprises field and laboratory procedures used in breeding legume crops. The genotypes of the world collection of soybean, pea, chickpea and lentil were tested for yield, drought resistance, protein content and seed quality. The paper provides a description of the varieties of soybean, pea and chickpea created in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute, the world gene pool of these crops is characterized, which is most adapted to the steppe conditions of Ukraine. The most common methods of processing commodity seeds into food ingredients characterized by high therapeutic and prophylactic properties are described. The results can be applied in further breeding work with leguminous crops which should be aimed at developing the complex of adaptive traits and improving the chemical composition of seeds. In this paper we demonstrated the significant potential of legumes for solution of the future sustainable nutrition problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vyacheslav Ivanovych Sichkar, Halyna D. Lavrova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Concentrations of Selected Chemical Elements in Sheep‘s Milk and Sheep‘s Milk Products with Estimated Intake of Selected Elements
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 10 elements – essential calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and toxic arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), antimony (Sb), strontium (Sr) and lithium (Li) in samples of milk and milk products from two farms located in regions with different environmental loads. The samples were analyzed using the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry method. In the case of sheep‘s milk, we recorded statistically significant differences in the concentration of Mg, Fe (P <0,01). In the case of the toxic elements As and Ni, we noted a slight exceedance of the highest permissible limits set by legislation. The estimation of the risk of consumption of monitored elements revealed that the share of intake of most elements through dairy products was below 1%. However, higher values from the preliminary tolerable daily intake (PTWI) were found in the case of As with values up to 15% and in the case of a share of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the monitored element Sr up to 35%. The results show that the monitored dairy products can be a good source of essential elements, but it is necessary to increase their consumption in the Slovak population. Despite the low values of toxic elements, further rigorous monitoring is needed, especially of As and Sr, which may pose a certain risk to the health of the Slovak population with long-term intake.
sheep milk, environmental burden, essential elements, toxic elements, risk assessment
Copyright (c) 2025 Martina Pšenková, Róbert Toman, Ivona Jančo, Mária Mičiaková, Martin Janíček https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Variabily of Amaranthus Hypochondriacus L. x Amaranthus Hybridus L. var. Plainsman After Cd and Si Treatment Detected by CDDP and PBA Marker Techniques
During evolution, plants have developed complex mechanisms to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. The study of heavy metal-plant interactions, particularly at the molecular genetic level, helps to understand heavy metal accumulation in plants and their resistance to heavy metal-induced stress. Amaranthus spp. have a potential in phytoremediation techniques. In this study was analysed the effects of cadmium (Cd) treatment and Cd treatment with addition of silicon (Si) on Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. x Amaranthus hybridus L. var. Plainsman, in leaves, in the context of the molecular genomic response using two different DNA marker techniques such as cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase analogues (PBA) and conserved DNA-derived polymorphism (CDDP) for WRKY genes. The PBA marker technique consists of several primers pairs that have been designed for cytochrome P450 genes, and CDDP primers pairs have been designed on conserved regions of DNA. Both marker techniques have been shown to be able to detect the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. We detected higher variability in genomic profile with the CDDP marker systems compared to PBA. However, the highest number of loci (169) we detected using the BF (forward primer) + BR (reverse primer) of PBA.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dagmar Moravčíková, Jana Žiarovská https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Phytoliths – From the Formation of Biominerals to the Risks of Oxalate Ingestion in Plants – Mini Review Part I
The presented mini review examines phytoliths in plants and microorganisms, focusing on their formation, physico-chemical properties, content in plant, and effects on livestock and human health. Phytoliths are primarily inorganic solid materials - biominerals, often formed by organic acids within plant tissues. They are relatively insoluble, enduring diverse environmental conditions (pH 3–9). Phytolith content in plant tissue varies significantly - from 2.5% to 70% - influenced by plant species, fertilizer use, climate, and agronomic practices. Two main types, oxalates, and silicon dioxides in opal form, are most commonly studied. Oxalates, found in both animal and human diets, can bind essential cations like calcium and magnesium, reducing their bioavailability and potentially increasing toxicity risks. When ingested, these oxalates may form insoluble compounds linked to physiological effects leading to risks associated with kidney failure. Phytolith research is interdisciplinary, spanning fields like archaeology, medicine, agriculture, nanotechnology, ecology, and environmental science. The Part I of this mini review explores the basic principles of the biomineral formation and their diversity. It goes into more detail about oxalates, their typical properties and occurrence in plants with risks for human and animal health after ingestion. The Part II of the mini review will discuss phytolith classifications, their utility, and factors influencing the formation of the second most common phytoliths made of silicon dioxide.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marek Kolenčík, Tomáš Vician, Nikola Kaššovicová, Dávid Ernst, Viktor Straka, Yu Qian, Joyce Govinden Soulange, Gabriela Kratošová, Martin Šebesta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Values of Dioscorea hispida Dennst.: a Wild Food of Asia and Africa
The potential ethnomedicinal plants are considered of great importance in the present day mainly due to the shortcomings of the drugs against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), or, in other words, the ability for cells to mutate with respect to the changing environment. The present study demonstrates the ethnobotanical values of the wild tuberous plant, Dioscorea hispida, which is used as medicinal food in Asia and Africa and further performs scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal values claimed by the locals of India and Nigeria, through phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity. A survey elucidated certain foods and therapeutic uses of the tubers of D. hispida. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugar, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and saponins. Subsequent examination of the antibacterial activity of D. hispida's tuber extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria revealed that the acetone tuber extract had the largest zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans followed by the methanol tuber extract against Vibrio cholerae, the methanol tuber extract against Shigella flexneri, the aqueous tuber extract against S. flexneri. This scientific confirmation may aid in the identification of possible antibacterial compounds, the confirmation of nutraceutical potential, and the promotion of value additions associated with the consumption of such tuberous plants in Asia and Africa.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sohan Lal, Nidhi Mahendru, Chanchal Malhotra, Jeline Rani J, Poonam Dilip Sable, Miriam Ahunna Ofoeze, Sanjeet Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0