From Seeds to Seedlings: Analyzing the Pipeline for Closed Root Systems Stocks in Central Russia

Abstract

Relevance: The implementation of reforestation policies in the Russian Federation, mandating that from 2025 at least 30% of artificial reforestation uses containerized seedlings, necessitates the development of efficient local production technologies. This is particularly critical for the Voronezh region, where Scots pine is a primary forest-forming species. Methods: This study analyzes a five-year (2020-2024) production cycle at a specialized greenhouse complex in the Voronezh region. The technology encompasses seed processing, sowing in 40-cell containers (BCC SIDESLIT 40-120 cc) using a peat-based substrate, cultivation in EVA-covered greenhouses, and a hardening phase. Key metrics included seed quality (purity, germination), production volumes, and biometric parameters (height, root collar diameter) of the seedlings. Results: The total seed sown was 141.3 kg, producing 8.976 million standard seedlings. Seed quality was high (purity 95.8-100%, germination 85-98%, corresponding to quality classes I-II). The average yield of standard seedlings was 92.3%. The average height varied from 8.2 to 22.7 cm, and the root collar diameter from 1.998 to 3.022 mm. A deviation in the technological process in 2023 led to a significant reduction in seedling height. Conclusions: The developed technology ensures reliable production of high-quality containerized Scots pine seedlings suitable for both manual and mechanized planting in the Voronezh region. Future research should focus on optimizing substrate composition and fertilization regimes to further enhance growth uniformity and stress resistance.